Active Suspension: A sophisticated suspension system that uses electronic sensors and actuators to continuously adjust the suspension's settings in real time, adapting to changing road conditions and improving ride comfort and handling.
Adaptive Cruise Control: A system that automatically adjusts the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle ahead, using sensors to monitor traffic.
Aerodynamics: The study of how air moves around an object, particularly relevant in vehicle design to reduce drag, improve fuel efficiency, and enhance performance.
Aftermarket: Parts, accessories, or modifications made by a third-party manufacturer, rather than the original vehicle manufacturer.
Air Filter: A filter that removes contaminants from the air entering either the engine or the cabin of the vehicle.
Airbags: Safety devices that inflate rapidly in a collision to cushion occupants and reduce the risk of injury.
Alloy Wheels: Alloy wheels are made from an alloy of aluminium or magnesium, and are often lighter and more visually appealing than traditional steel wheels.
Alternator: The alternator is an electrical generator driven by the engine that replenishes the car's battery and powers the vehicle's electrical systems while the engine is running.
Ambient Lighting: Interior lighting within a vehicle that is designed to create a specific mood or atmosphere.
Android Auto: Developed by Google, Android Auto is a mobile app that allows Android smartphone users to access and control their phone's features (navigation, music, calls) through the car's infotainment system.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR): The total cost of borrowing money, expressed as an annual percentage, including interest and any other fees. It provides a standardised way to compare loan offers.
Apple CarPlay: Apple CarPlay is a mobile app developed by Apple that enables iPhone users to integrate their phone's functions (maps, music, messages) with the car's infotainment system.
Audi: Audi is a German manufacturer that entered the UK market in the 1960s and is now synonymous with luxury, technology, and sleek design. Its Quattro all-wheel drive system and stylish interiors stand out.
Automatic Transmission: Automatic transmission is typically found in modern cars, EVs and hybrid vehicles. It is a type of transmission that automatically changes gears based on the vehicle's speed and engine load, eliminating the need for manual gear shifting.
Autotrader: Autotrader is an online company where you list your car directly for sale to individuals or dealers.
Auxiliary Input (AUX): An audio input jack that allows users to connect external audio devices, such as smartphones or MP3 players, to the vehicle's sound system.
AWD (All-Wheel Drive): AWD is a drivetrain system that distributes power to all four of the vehicle's wheels simultaneously, enhancing traction and stability, especially in slippery or off-road conditions.
Axle: A rod or shaft that connects the wheels of a vehicle, allowing them to rotate.
Backfire: An unintended explosion in the engine's exhaust system, usually caused by unburned fuel igniting outside the combustion chamber.
Baffle: A partition or plate within a component (such as an engine, muffler, or fluid tank) that directs or restricts the flow of fluids or gases.
Ball Joint: A spherical bearing that connects suspension components, allowing movement in multiple directions; crucial for steering and suspension articulation.
Battery: Batteries store chemical energy and convert it into electrical energy, which is used to power the vehicle's electrical system, including starting the engine.
Beam Axle: A rigid axle that connects the wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle, providing strength and durability; often used in trucks and heavy-duty vehicles.
Bearing: A mechanical component that reduces friction between moving parts, allowing for smooth rotation or linear motion.
Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM): A safety system that uses sensors to detect vehicles in the driver's blind spots and provides alerts to help prevent collisions during lane changes.
BMW: BMW has been a major player in the UK since the 1970s, offering a mix of luxury and performance. It's especially popular for its executive saloons and sporty SUVs.
Body-on-Frame: A traditional vehicle construction method where the vehicle's body is mounted on a separate, rigid frame, providing durability and off-road capability.
Boost: Increased air pressure in an engine's intake manifold, typically achieved by a turbocharger or supercharger, to enhance power output.
Bore: The internal diameter of a cylinder in an engine, a key measurement that contributes to the engine's displacement.
Brake: A mechanical device that applies friction to the vehicle's wheels, slowing or stopping its motion.
Brake Calliper: A component that houses the brake pads and applies hydraulic pressure to the brake rotor, squeezing the pads to slow or stop the vehicle.
Brake Fluid: A hydraulic fluid that transmits pressure from the brake pedal to the brake callipers, enabling the braking system to function.
Brake Pad: The Brake Pad is a friction material that presses against the brake rotor to slow or stop the vehicle.
Brake Rotor: A disc-shaped component that rotates with the wheel and is squeezed by the brake pads to slow or stop the vehicle.
Bumper: A protective structure attached to the front and rear of a vehicle, designed to absorb impact in minor collisions and minimise damage.
Bump Steer: Unintended steering changes that occur as the suspension moves up and down, often due to improper suspension geometry.
Bushing: A flexible component, typically made of rubber or polyurethane, that reduces vibration and noise between moving parts in the suspension system.
Cabin Filter: A filter that removes dust, pollen, and other contaminants from the air entering the vehicle's passenger compartment, improving air quality inside the car.
Car Finance: Car finance is the process of obtaining a loan or lease to fund the purchase of a vehicle.
Car Insurance: Car insurance is a contract between a vehicle owner and an insurance company that provides financial protection against losses resulting from vehicle accidents, theft, or damage.
Car Wash: The process of cleaning a vehicle's exterior and interior to remove dirt, grime, and other contaminants.
Car Wax: A protective coating applied to a vehicle's paint to enhance its shine and protect it from environmental damage.
Carwow: Carwow is an online platform that connects sellers with trusted dealers who bid on your car.
CarGurus: An online car marketplace that rates listings based on price fairness, helping buyers find good deals.
Cargo Capacity: The amount of space available within a vehicle for storing luggage, groceries, or other items.
Carfax: A commercial service that provides detailed vehicle history reports, including information on accidents, repairs, and ownership changes.
Carsnip: A car search engine that aggregates listings from multiple dealer websites in real time.
Catalytic Converter: An emissions control device in the exhaust system that converts harmful pollutants into less toxic gases. A catalytic converter is underneath the car between the engine and the muffler.
Cazoo: A fully online car buying platform offering home delivery, part-exchange, and 7-day returns.
Chassis: The underlying structural frame of a vehicle, which supports the body, engine, and other components. It typically includes the frame, suspension system, and axles.
Check Engine Light: A dashboard warning light that illuminates when the vehicle's onboard computer detects a problem with the engine, emissions system, or related components.
Charging Station: A device that provides electrical power to charge electric cars and other vehicles.
Cinch: An online platform where you can buy or sell cars fully online with free home delivery and a 14-day return policy.
Clutch: A Clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages the engine's power from the transmission, allowing the driver to shift gears in a manual transmission vehicle. Clutch replacements are common in older cars.
Compression Ratio: The ratio of the cylinder's volume at its maximum (piston at bottom) to its minimum (piston at top). It's a key factor in engine performance and efficiency.
Control Arm: A suspension component that connects the wheel hub to the vehicle's frame or subframe, allowing for controlled up-and-down movement of the wheel.
Coolant: A fluid (typically a mixture of water and antifreeze) that circulates through the engine to absorb and dissipate heat, preventing overheating. It's important to note that the engine's coolant temperature must be kept in check to ensure proper functioning of a vehicle's cooling system.
Crankshaft: A rotating shaft in the engine that converts the reciprocating (linear) motion of the pistons into rotary motion.
Crossover: Crossover blends features of a traditional SUV (sport utility vehicle) and a passenger car, often built on a car-like platform.
CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission): A type of automatic transmission that uses a system of pulleys and belts (or other mechanisms) to provide a seamless range of gear ratios, rather than fixed gears.
Cylinder: A cylindrical chamber within an engine where the combustion of fuel takes place.
Dashboard: The control panel located in front of the driver, containing instruments (like the speedometer and fuel gauge), controls (such as climate controls and infotainment), and dashboard lights.
Daytime Running Lights (DRL): Automotive lighting that automatically turns on when the vehicle is running, increasing its visibility to other drivers during daylight hours.
Dealer Invoice: The price that a car dealership pays to the manufacturer for a vehicle.
Depreciation: The gradual decrease in a vehicle's value over time due to factors like age, mileage, and wear and tear.
Diagnostic Tool: An electronic device used to diagnose and troubleshoot problems in a vehicle's electronic and mechanical systems.
Diesel Engine: An internal combustion engine that uses compression ignition, where the heat generated by compressing air ignites the diesel fuel. Diesel cars are more fuel-efficient but cause more air pollution than their petrol counterparts.
Differential: A gear mechanism that allows the left and right wheels on the same axle to rotate at different speeds, essential for turning corners smoothly.
Direct Injection: A fuel injection system that delivers fuel directly into the engine's combustion chamber, improving efficiency and power.
Down Payment: An initial payment made by a buyer when purchasing a vehicle on credit, reducing the amount financed.
Downshift: The act of shifting to a lower gear in a transmission, typically to increase engine RPMs for more power or braking.
Drag Coefficient: A measure of a vehicle's aerodynamic resistance, indicating how easily it moves through the air. Lower drag coefficients result in better fuel efficiency.
Drive Shaft: A rotating shaft that transmits power from the transmission to the differential, often found in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Drivetrain: The system of components that transmits power from the engine to the wheels, including the transmission, driveshaft, and differential.
Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT): An automated transmission that uses two separate clutches for odd and even gears, enabling fast and smooth gear changes.
Eco Mode: Ideal for economical driving, Eco Mode is a driving setting that optimises fuel efficiency by adjusting engine and transmission parameters, typically reducing throttle response and shifting gears at lower RPMs.
Electric Motor: A motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, used in electric and hybrid vehicles to propel the vehicle.
Electric Vehicle (EV): An electric vehicle is solely powered by electricity stored in rechargeable batteries, with no internal combustion engine.
Electronic Parking Brake: A parking brake system that is engaged and disengaged electronically, usually by pressing a button or switch, rather than using a traditional mechanical lever.
Electronic Stability Control (ESC): A safety system that helps prevent skidding and loss of control by automatically applying brakes to individual wheels and adjusting engine power as needed.
Emission Standard: Regulations that set limits on the amount of pollutants a vehicle can release into the atmosphere, aimed at reducing environmental impact. Following Euro emission standards, for example, makes a car ULEZ compliant.
Engine: The core component of a vehicle that generates power, typically through the combustion of fuel. Avoid engine overheating to ensure better fuel efficiency and smooth drives.
Engine Block: The main structural component of an engine, containing the cylinders, coolant passages, and other essential parts.
Engine Control Unit (ECU): A computer that monitors and controls various aspects of the engine's operation, such as fuel injection, ignition timing, and emissions.
Engine Management Light: The engine management light is a warning light on the dashboard (also known as the Check Engine Light) that illuminates when the vehicle's onboard computer detects a malfunction in the engine or emissions system.
Engine Oil: A lubricant that reduces friction between moving parts within the engine, preventing wear and tear. Over time, engine oil degrades, necessitating oil changes.
Engine Oil Filter: A filter that removes contaminants and impurities from the engine oil, ensuring its cleanliness and effectiveness.
Estate Cars: An estate car body style is characterised by an extended cargo area and a rear tailgate, providing increased storage capacity.
Estate Vans: Vans that have been modified to carry passengers, often with rear windows and seats.
Exhaust System: A system of pipes and components that channels and expels exhaust gases away from the engine.
Extended Warranty: An optional warranty that provides coverage for vehicle repairs beyond the manufacturer's original warranty period.
Financing: The process of obtaining funds, typically through a loan or lease, to purchase a vehicle when paying the full price upfront is not feasible.
Final Drive: The last set of gears in the drivetrain, located in the differential, reduces the transmission's output speed and increases torque before power is sent to the wheels.
Fleet Vehicles: A collection of vehicles owned or leased by a company, government agency, or organisation for business purposes.
Flywheel: A heavy, rotating wheel connected to the engine's crankshaft that stores rotational energy, smoothing out power delivery and reducing vibrations.
Fog Lamps: Low-mounted lights on a vehicle designed to improve visibility in foggy or adverse weather conditions.
Four-Wheel Drive (4WD): A drivetrain system that distributes power to all four wheels of a vehicle. There are various benefits of driving a 4WD, such as providing enhanced traction and control, especially in off-road or slippery conditions.
Ford: Ford, an American brand, has had a strong presence in the UK since the early 20th century, with its Dagenham plant opening in 1931. It's known for producing practical, reliable vehicles like the Ford Fiesta, a long-time UK favourite.
Front-Wheel Drive (FWD): FWD is a drivetrain that powers the front wheels of a vehicle.
Fuel Injection: A system that precisely sprays fuel into the engine's cylinders, improving fuel efficiency and performance compared to older carburettor systems.
Fuel Filter: A filter that removes impurities and contaminants from the fuel before it reaches the engine, protecting it from damage.
Fuel: A substance, such as gasoline or diesel, that is burned to produce energy for powering a vehicle's engine.
Fuel Efficiency: Fuel efficiency is a measure of how effectively a vehicle uses fuel, typically expressed in miles per gallon (MPG) or litres per 100 kilometres (L/100km).
Fuse: An electrical safety device that protects circuits from excessive current by melting and breaking the circuit when an overload occurs.
Gasket: A sealing material placed between two surfaces to prevent leaks of fluids or gases, commonly used in engines and other mechanical components. It's important to keep the gasket in good condition, as blown head gaskets can be costly to repair.
Gearbox: A system of gears that allows the engine to deliver varying amounts of torque to the wheels.
Glow Plugs: Electric heating elements used in diesel engines to preheat the combustion chambers, aiding in cold starting by raising the temperature of the air-fuel mixture.
GPS (Global Positioning System): GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and direction information.
Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW): The maximum permissible weight of a vehicle and its cargo.
Ground Clearance: The vertical distance between the lowest point of a vehicle's chassis and the ground, which affects its ability to navigate obstacles and off-road terrain.
Grille: An opening at the front of a vehicle, typically with a mesh or slatted design, that allows air to flow to the radiator for engine cooling.
Gumtree: Free classifieds site where users can sell vehicles directly to private buyers locally.
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating): The maximum permissible total weight of a vehicle, including its cargo, passengers, and the vehicle itself, as specified by the manufacturer
Hatchback: A hatchback is a type of car that has a rear door that swings upwards to open. This door is called a 'hatch' and leads to the car's boot space.
Handling: The way a vehicle responds to a driver's steering inputs, including its ability to corner, change direction, and maintain stability.
Head Gasket: A head gasket is a crucial component in an internal combustion engine, serving as a seal between the engine block and the cylinder head.
Head-Up Display (HUD): A display that projects information onto the windshield, allowing the driver to view it without taking their eyes off the road.
Heated Seats: One of the latest in-car technologies, heated seats come with built-in heating elements for added comfort in cold weather.
Heycar: Sells approved-used cars from trusted dealers, with warranties included and flexible finance options.
High Beam: A bright headlight setting used for increased visibility when no oncoming traffic is present.
Hill Start Assist: A feature that prevents a vehicle from rolling backwards when starting on an incline. Some sophisticated work vans have this feature.
Horsepower: A measure of an engine's power.
Hybrid Vehicle: A hybrid vehicle uses a combination of a gasoline engine and an electric motor for propulsion.
Idling: The engine's operation while the vehicle is stationary, with the transmission in neutral or park.
Ignition System: The system that initiates combustion in an engine by igniting the air-fuel mixture within the cylinders, typically using spark plugs in petrol engines.
Independent Suspension: A suspension system where each wheel is allowed to move vertically independently of the others, improving ride comfort and handling.
Infotainment: A system within a vehicle that combines entertainment (such as audio and video) with information (such as navigation and vehicle data).
Intake Manifold: A series of pipes or passages that distribute air (or an air-fuel mixture) evenly to the engine's cylinders.
Intercooler: A heat exchanger that cools the compressed air coming from a turbocharger or supercharger, increasing its density and boosting engine power.
In-Car Entertainment (ICE): The audio and video systems installed in a vehicle, including radios, CD players, DVD players, and screens.
Jaguar: A historic British brand, Jaguar has been part of UK motoring culture since the 1930s. Known for luxury and elegance, it blends British craftsmanship with performance.
Jeep: While "jeep" is often used generically to describe any rugged four-wheel-drive vehicle, it's originally a brand name owned by Stellantis. Jeeps are known for their off-road capabilities and distinctive styling. Generally, a jeep's storage capacity is thought to be more than enough.
Keyless Entry: A system that allows a vehicle to be unlocked and sometimes started without physically using a traditional key. This is often accomplished through a remote key fob or proximity sensors.
Kerb Weight: The weight of a vehicle with all standard equipment, fluids (including a full tank of fuel), but without any passengers or cargo. It is usually considered when towing caravans.
Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS): A system that captures and stores the kinetic energy generated during braking, which is then used to boost acceleration or improve fuel efficiency, commonly found in hybrid and electric vehicles.
KIA: Kia is a South Korean brand that entered the UK market in the early 1990s and has grown rapidly due to its value-for-money cars and industry-leading 7-year warranty. It's particularly popular for its compact SUVs and hybrid models.
Kilowatt (kW): A unit of power, commonly used to measure the output of electric motors or the charging rate of electric vehicle batteries.
King Pin: The main vertical pivot point in the steering mechanism of heavy vehicles, primarily trucks and buses, allowing the front wheels to turn.
Kickdown: A feature in automatic transmissions that forces the transmission to shift to a lower gear when the accelerator pedal is pressed fully, providing a burst of acceleration.
Knock Sensor: A sensor that detects engine knocking (or pinging), which is premature or abnormal combustion in the cylinders. It sends signals to the engine control unit (ECU), which then adjusts the ignition timing to prevent damage.
Lane Departure Warning (LDW): A safety system that monitors the vehicle's position within its lane and provides an alert (audible, visual, or haptic) if the vehicle begins to drift out of the lane without signalling, an essential component of a "perfect" car.
Lease: A contractual agreement that allows an individual or business to use a vehicle for a specified period in exchange for regular payments. There are several benefits of leasing a car rather than owning the vehicle outright.
Limited Slip Differential (LSD): A type of differential that limits the amount of wheel slip, distributing power to the wheel with the most traction, improving performance in slippery or off-road conditions.
Longitudinal Engine: An engine mounted lengthwise in the vehicle's chassis, with the crankshaft oriented front to back. This configuration is common in rear-wheel-drive and some all-wheel-drive vehicles.
Lug Nuts: Fasteners, typically nuts, that secure the vehicle's wheels to the wheel hub.
Luxury Tax: An additional tax imposed on the purchase of high-priced vehicles, often intended to generate revenue from affluent buyers.
Luxury Car: Luxury cars are high-end vehicles that offer premium features, advanced technology, superior comfort, and a higher level of craftsmanship compared to standard vehicles.
Maintenance Schedule: A plan outlining the recommended maintenance tasks and intervals for a vehicle. Essentially a guide for service and maintenance.
Manual Transmission: A type of transmission in which the driver manually shifts gears using a clutch pedal and gear lever. Driving a manual car can be more challenging than an automatic vehicle, especially for beginners.
Make: The manufacturer or brand name of a vehicle.
MINI: MINI, a quintessentially British icon, was relaunched under BMW in 2001. Its retro design and fun driving dynamics have made it a UK favourite.
Model: The specific version or design of a vehicle produced by a manufacturer, often identified by a name or number.
MOT (Ministry of Transport): In the UK, an annual test of a vehicle's safety, roadworthiness, and emissions, required by law. Checking your MOT status regularly is crucial, as driving without a valid MOT can lead to legal penalties.
MOT Testing: The process of performing an MOT (Ministry of Transport) test to ensure a vehicle meets safety and environmental standards. An MOT typically takes about 45 minutes to an hour.
Motorpoint: One of the UK's largest independent car retailers, specialising in nearly new cars at competitive prices.
Motorway: A high-speed, multi-lane highway with controlled access, designed for efficient long-distance travel. Beginners need to learn how to drive safely on motorways.
Motorway.co.uk: Motorway.co.uk is an online used car marketplace. It offers a selling platform for private car owners to sell their vehicles directly to car dealers.
MPG (Miles Per Gallon): A measure of a vehicle's fuel efficiency. It's good to know the MPG before making a purchase.
MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle): A vehicle designed to carry multiple passengers and/or a significant amount of cargo, often with flexible seating configurations.
Muffler: A component in a vehicle's exhaust system that reduces the noise generated by the engine's exhaust gases.
Navigation System: A navigation system is a car GPS tracker that provides directions and route guidance to a destination.
Naturally Aspirated: An engine that draws air into its cylinders solely by atmospheric pressure, without the use of forced induction devices like turbochargers or superchargers.
National Speed Awareness Course: A National Speed Awareness Course is a driver education course offered in the UK as an alternative to receiving penalty points on a driving licence for certain speeding offences.
Nearside: In the UK, the side of a vehicle that is closest to the kerb when parked on the left side of the road, which is typically the passenger side.
Negotiation: The process of discussion and bargaining between a buyer and seller to reach a mutually agreeable price or terms for a vehicle purchase.
Newton Meter (Nm): A unit of measurement for torque, which is the rotational force that an engine produces.
Neutral: A gear position in a transmission where the engine is disconnected from the drivetrain, meaning no power is transmitted to the wheels.
Nissan: Nissan is a Japanese car manufacturer that started UK operations in the early 1980s, establishing a major factory in Sunderland. The brand is known for practical cars like the Qashqai, which pioneered the crossover segment.
Number Plate (Licence Plate): A plate affixed to a vehicle displaying its unique registration number, used for identification purposes. Private number plates in the UK work differently from those in other countries.
Odometer: An instrument in a vehicle that measures and displays the total distance the vehicle has travelled. When buying a car, beware of the odometer scam.
Offside: In the UK, the side of a vehicle that is farthest from the kerb when parked on the left side of the road, which is typically the driver's side.
Oil Pan: A reservoir located at the bottom of the engine that collects and holds the engine oil.
Overdrive: A gear ratio in a transmission that allows the engine to operate at a lower RPM than the driveshaft, resulting in improved fuel efficiency during high-speed cruising.
Payload: The maximum weight of passengers and cargo that a vehicle is designed to carry safely.
Parking Sensors: Sensors installed on a vehicle's bumpers that detect obstacles when parking, providing audible or visual alerts to the driver about their proximity. This piece of technology in a car is good for new drivers.
Piston: A cylindrical component that moves up and down within an engine cylinder, driven by the combustion of fuel. This motion is converted into rotational motion by the crankshaft.
PistonHeads: PistonHeads is a London, UK-based online motoring community and premium car marketplace, featuring the latest automotive news and reviews, active discussion forums, and prestige cars for sale.
Porsche: Porsche, a German car manufacturer, officially began selling in the UK in the 1950s, catering mainly to sports car enthusiasts. It's renowned for high-performance models like the 911 and the luxury SUV Cayenne.
Power: In automotive terms, it's typically measured in horsepower (HP) and indicates the rate at which an engine can perform work. It signifies the engine's strength and ability to accelerate or maintain speed.
People Carrier: A large vehicle, often similar to a minivan or MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle), designed to transport multiple passengers, usually with flexible seating configurations.
Power Steering: A system that assists the driver in steering the vehicle, reducing the effort required to turn the steering wheel.
Powertrain: The complete system of components that generate and deliver power to the vehicle's wheels, including the engine, transmission, driveshaft, and differential.
Quick Charging: A method of rapidly replenishing the battery of an electric vehicle (EV) in a shorter time compared to standard charging. This is typically achieved using high-power charging stations that deliver a higher voltage and amperage.
Quattro: Audi's trademarked name for its all-wheel-drive (AWD) system. It's a sophisticated drivetrain system designed to provide enhanced traction and stability in various driving conditions.
Radiator: A component of the engine's cooling system that dissipates heat from the engine coolant by transferring it to the surrounding air.
Rear-View Camera: A camera mounted on the rear of a vehicle that displays an image of the area behind the vehicle on a screen, aiding in reversing and parking.
Regenerative Braking: A braking system, primarily used in hybrid and electric vehicles, that recovers kinetic energy during braking and converts it into electricity to recharge the battery. Mild hybrid (MHEV) cars exclusively charge themselves by regenerative braking.
Resale Value: The estimated monetary value of a car when it is sold to a subsequent buyer.
Ride Height: The vertical distance between the vehicle's chassis and the ground.
Roadside Assistance: A service that assists drivers who experience vehicle breakdowns or other problems on the road, such as towing, jump-starts, or tyre changes. Roadside assistance is the basic level of Breakdown Cover.
Road Tax (Vehicle Excise Duty): A tax paid by vehicle owners in the UK for the right to use their vehicles on public roads.
Roof Rack: A frame or system of bars fitted to the roof of a vehicle to carry luggage, equipment, or other cargo. A roof rack will affect your car's performance and handling.
RPM (Revolutions Per Minute): A measure of how many times the engine's crankshaft rotates in one minute, indicating the engine's speed.
Rustproofing: The process of applying protective coatings to a vehicle's body to prevent the formation of rust.
Safety Features: Components and technologies designed to protect vehicle occupants in the event of a collision, including airbags, seatbelts, anti-lock brakes (ABS), and electronic stability control (ESC).
Saloon Car: A saloon car, known in some countries as a sedan, is a passenger car with a specific body style. It's characterised by having two main compartments - one for the engine and the other for passengers and cargo.
SEAT: SEAT is a Spanish manufacturer that began UK sales in the mid-1980s and offers sporty, affordable vehicles with a youthful appeal. It benefits from Volkswagen Group engineering underpinnings.
Self-Driving Cars: A self-driving car is a vehicle that operates without the need for a human driver. This is made possible through a combination of advanced technologies.
Service Interval: The recommended time or mileage period between scheduled vehicle maintenance tasks, as specified by the manufacturer.
Spare Tyre: A reserve tyre carried in a vehicle for use in case of a flat tyre.
Spark Plug: A spark plug is a device that ignites the air-fuel mixture in a petrol engine's cylinder, initiating combustion.
Sports Mode: A driving mode that adjusts the vehicle's engine and transmission settings to provide enhanced performance, such as quicker acceleration and sharper handling.
Speed Limiter: A speed limiter is a device programmed to prevent a vehicle from exceeding the pre-set speed limits.
Steering Wheel: A circular device used by the driver to control the direction of the vehicle's wheels.
Starter Motor: An electric motor that turns the engine's crankshaft, initiating the engine's combustion process.
Sunroof: A movable panel in a vehicle's roof that allows light and fresh air to enter the cabin.
SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle): A type of vehicle that combines the comfort and design of a passenger car with the ruggedness of a truck. SUVs are popular in the UK for their higher driving position, spacious interiors, and optional four-wheel drive.
Suspension: The system of springs, shock absorbers, and linkages that connect the wheels to the vehicle's body, providing a smooth ride and maintaining tyre contact with the road.
Tachometer: An instrument that displays the engine's revolutions per minute (RPM), indicating the engine's rotational speed.
Tailpipe: The pipe at the rear of a vehicle through which exhaust gases are expelled.
Tailpipe Emissions: The pollutants released from a vehicle's exhaust system, including gases and particulate matter. EVs promise zero tailpipe emissions to reduce air pollution.
Tax Check: The process of verifying the road tax (Vehicle Excise Duty) status of a vehicle, confirming that it is legally permitted to be driven on public roads.
Test Drive: A trial run of a vehicle before purchase, allowing the potential buyer to assess its performance and suitability. You need insurance even to test drive a car.
Throttle Body: A component that controls the amount of air entering the engine's intake manifold, regulating engine power.
Timing Belt: A belt that synchronises the rotation of the engine's camshaft and crankshaft, ensuring proper timing of the engine's valves. Timing belt replacement typically costs around £450-£650 at an independent shop.
Towing Capacity: The maximum weight that a vehicle is rated to safely tow, including the trailer and its cargo. This is important for cars towing caravans.
Torque: A measure of the rotational force produced by an engine, often measured in Newton meters (Nm) or pound-feet (lb-ft).
Trade-in: A used vehicle that is offered as partial payment towards the purchase of a new vehicle.
Trade-in Value: The estimated monetary value of a used vehicle when it is offered as a trade-in towards the purchase of a new vehicle.
Traction Control: A system that prevents wheel spin by limiting engine power or applying brakes to individual wheels, improving traction on slippery surfaces.
Transmission: A system of gears that allows the engine to deliver varying amounts of torque to the wheels, enabling the vehicle to operate at different speeds and under varying loads. It requires transmission fluid to function properly.
Trim Levels: Different versions of a vehicle model offered by the manufacturer, each with varying features, equipment, and price points.
Turbocharger: A turbocharger is a forced induction system that increases engine power by forcing compressed air into the engine's cylinders.
Tyre Pressure: The amount of air pressure contained within a car's tyres, measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) or kilopascals (kPa).
Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS): An electronic system that monitors the air pressure in a vehicle's tyres and alerts the driver to any significant pressure loss.
ULEZ (Ultra Low Emission Zone): A designated area in London where vehicles that don't meet specific emissions standards must pay a fee to enter. ULEZ zones are introduced to reduce air pollution and improve air quality. You can easily check your vehicle's ULEZ compliance online.
Understeer: A handling characteristic where a vehicle's front tyres lose traction in a turn, causing the vehicle to "plough wide" or continue straight rather than following the intended steering direction.
Underbody: The underside of a vehicle, encompassing the chassis, suspension system, exhaust system, and other components located beneath the vehicle's body.
Universal Joint (U-Joint): A mechanical joint that allows rotational motion between two shafts that are not aligned in a straight line. It's commonly used in driveshafts to transmit power through varying angles.
Used Car Warranty: A warranty that provides coverage for repairs or replacements of certain components of a used vehicle for a specified period or mileage, offering protection against unexpected repair costs. The warranty for a used car is typically shorter than that of a new car.
Valve: A mechanical component in an engine that controls the flow of air, fuel, and exhaust gases into and out of the combustion chambers. EGR valves, a type of valves, are designed to reduce harmful emissions.
Variable Valve Timing (VVT): An engine technology that adjusts the timing of the intake and/or exhaust valves to optimise engine performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions.
Vehicle History Report: A detailed report that provides information about a vehicle's past, including accident records, ownership history, maintenance records, and title information. It is sometimes called an HPI Check.
Vehicle Maintenance: Vehicle maintenance is the regular process of inspecting, servicing, and repairing a vehicle to keep it in good working order and ensure its safety and reliability.
Vehicle Check: A general inspection of a vehicle, performed to assess its current condition and to identify potential issues that may need to be addressed. It's crucial to check the condition of a vehicle before purchasing it.
VED (Vehicle Excise Duty): VED is an annual tax paid by owners of vehicles driven or kept on public roads. The tax applies to vehicles throughout the UK. However, some cars become tax-exempt, like classic cars or any of the special vehicles that meet the UK Government criteria.
VIN (Vehicle Identification Number): A unique 17-character alphanumeric code assigned to every motor vehicle, used for identification purposes and to track the vehicle's history.
Volvo: Volvo is a Swedish car manufacturer that has sold cars in the UK since the 1950s, known for safety and understated luxury. It's also gaining recognition for sustainability and electric vehicle development.
Warranty: A guarantee from the manufacturer or dealer that covers the cost of certain repairs or replacements of defective parts for a specified period or mileage.
Warranty Extension: The act of lengthening the duration of a vehicle's warranty coverage beyond its original terms.
Water Pump: The water pump is a component of the engine's cooling system that circulates coolant through the engine and radiator to maintain a stable operating temperature.
Wheelbase: The distance between the centre of the front axle and the centre of the rear axle of a vehicle.
Wheel Balancing: The process of adjusting the weight distribution of a wheel and tyre assembly to eliminate vibrations and ensure smooth rotation. Unbalanced wheels can cause tyre wear and worse handling.
Wheel Alignment: The adjustment of a vehicle's suspension components to ensure that the wheels are properly angled and aligned, preventing uneven tyre wear and improving handling.
Windshield Wiper: Windshield wipers are mechanical devices consisting of a blade and arm that sweep across the windshield to remove rain, snow, or debris.
Windshield Washer Fluid: A liquid solution sprayed onto the windshield to clean away dirt, grime, and other substances.
Wiring Harness: A bundle of wires and connectors that transmit electrical signals and power throughout a vehicle's electrical system.
We Buy Any Car: A company that specialises in purchasing used vehicles directly from consumers, often providing a quick and convenient selling process. You can find a number of We Buy Any Car alternatives to sell your car.
Xenon Headlights: Also known as High-Intensity Discharge (HID) headlights, these headlights use xenon gas to produce a bright, white light that is significantly brighter and more efficient than traditional halogen headlights.
Yaw Rate Sensor: A sensor that measures how quickly a vehicle is rotating around its vertical axis (its yaw). This information is crucial for electronic stability control (ESC) systems, which use it to detect when a vehicle is beginning to skid or lose control, allowing the system to apply brakes or adjust engine power to correct the situation.
Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV): A vehicle that emits no exhaust gases from its tailpipe. This typically refers to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), as they do not burn fossil fuels for propulsion. These electric vehicles are considered better for the environment.